Poetry Reviews

Essential Poets

14 June 2013
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poetry

A recent off-the-cuff comment I made reviewing Sandburg’s “The Hammer” got me thinking about essential poets, poets that must be read.

Yesterday I made for myself a quick list of  essential poets (in no particular order):

  • Walt Whitman
  • W.B. Yeats
  • John Milton
  • William Blake
  • P.B. Shelley
  • John Keats
  • William Wordsworth
  • Carl Sandburg
  • W.H. Auden
  • Ted Hughes
  • Seamus Heaney
  • T.S. Eliot
  • Amy Lowell
  • Ranier Maria Rilke
  • Osip Mandelstam
  • Robert Browning
  • Emily Dickinson
  • John Donne
  • Robert Frost
  • William Carlos Williams
  • Wallace Stevens
  • John Dryden
  • George Herbert
  • Andrew Marvell
  • Robert Burns

Reviewing the list today, I see a number of holes (Victorians, Contemporary) but over all I think I am satisfied with the list.

What do you think? Who has been left off?

 

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Poetry Review: “The Hammer” by Carl Sandburg

12 June 2013

A great stamp

Spring in the North Country remains gray and wet. Last week our youngest graduated high school and so between rain storms we celebrated this mundane milestone in the fashion dictated by North-Country suburban conformity: with an open house. There are more bewildering suburban conformities, but not many.

As things quiet down, I can return again to reading and writing… and to reviewing poetry.

Between rainstorms and domestic duties I pick up familiar volumes of poetry. Looking at lines and poems I first read, sometimes four decades ago. Carl Sandburg is one of the poets I have been making time for.

As I have said before,

Sandburg, a musician, understands “sound” as well as any poet. He also understand space, growing up as he did in the flat and open prairie of western Illinois. This is why he does the small poem so well which relies so heavily on the interplay between sound and space.

This poem “The Hammer” show this as well as any Sandburg poem.

Enjoy!

 

The Hammer

I have seen
The old gods go
And the new gods come.
Day by day
And year by year
The idols fall
And the idols rise.
Today
I worship the hammer.

 

 

Listening with a pencil and my ear, these are the lines I marked:

I have seen
The old gods go
And the new gods come

Repetition provides the sound-glue for this poem. Just two and a half small stanzas but there are four repetition pairs: gods-gods, day-day, year-year, idols-idols.

What is interesting is the way Sandburg then counter-balances this sound repetition with opposition: old vs. new,   fall vs. rise.

Why I like Sandburg so much as a poet, and why he is to me one of a handful of definitively “essential” poets, is that he can make the simple work so well. There is absolutely nothing in this poem that is what we are told poems must be or that poets must do. There is nothing particularly new or novel in language or images. There is nothing “cliche-busting” and/or intellectually clever. It does not “mine new metaphors” or “push the boundaries of language.”

It is “merely” simple, understandable,… and unforgettable!

 

 

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Poetry Review: “Lines Written in Early Spring” by William Wordsworth

24 May 2013
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wordsworth

William Wordsworth

Spring has been slow in coming to the North Country this year. Snowstorms lingered into the first weeks of May and ice held onto lakes until recently. Winter seemed determined to do its best to cancel spring, yet the birds returned anyway.

One morning this week, we had an Indigo Bunting, a couple pairs of Goldfinches, and a Cardinal at the feeders at the same time. So much color on a gray day is a blessing indeed.

Here is a poem by Wordsworth about spring and birds and so much more.

Enjoy!

 

Lines Written in Early Spring

I heard a thousand blended notes,
While in a grove I sate reclined,
In that sweet mood when pleasant thoughts
Bring sad thoughts to the mind.

 

To her fair works did Nature link
The human soul that through me ran;
And much it grieved my heart to think
What man has made of man.

 

Through primrose tufts, in that green bower,
The periwinkle trailed its wreaths;
And ’tis my faith that every flower
Enjoys the air it breathes.

 

The birds around me hopped and played,
Their thoughts I cannot measure:—
But the least motion which they made
It seemed a thrill of pleasure.

 

The budding twigs spread out their fan,
To catch the breezy air;
And I must think, do all I can,
That there was pleasure there.

 

If this belief from heaven be sent,
If such be Nature’s holy plan,
Have I not reason to lament
What man has made of man?

 

Listening with a pencil and my ear, these are the lines I marked:

 

The birds around me hopped and played,
Their thoughts I cannot measure:—
But the least motion which they made
It seemed a thrill of pleasure.

 

I love this poem by Wordsworth.  These lines come back to me quite often when I am watching birds.

Reading this poem one cannot help but think of the famous query from the Westminister Catechism: ”Question: What is the chief end of man? Answer. Man’s chief end is to glorify God, and to enjoy him for ever.”

The other line that comes to me when reading this poem is Wallace Steven’s quote about poets: ”A poet looks at the world the way a man looks at a woman.”

  

 

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Poetry Review: “Song to a Fair Young Lady” by John Dryden

17 May 2013

“…the expressions of a poem designed purely for instruction ought to be plain and natural, yet majestic… The florid, elevated and figurative way is for the passions; for (these) are begotten in the soul by showing the objects out of their true proportion…. A man is to be cheated into passion, but to be reasoned into truth.” ~ John Dryden

Selected poems of Dryden

While for the most part it is “easier” to read Romantic and modern poets than “classical” ones, you really cannot say that you understand poetry in any meaningful way until you have read the giants that came before the Romantic period: George Herbert, Andrew Marvell, John Donne, Robert Burns, and John Dryden. Shakespeare, Milton and Spenser are, of course, a given.

A poet is always writing in the shadow of poets who have gone before, and hence, is always writing in reference to them… echoing and examining and extrapolating and expounding on the words and images and sounds of his or her creative “ancestors.” Because in the end, the very language we use as tool and sport were created by the poets who have gone before.

Dryden’s influence on English Poetry is immense: the Heroic Couplet and the Alexandrine form. He influenced and was admired by poets as varied as: Pope, Keats, Byron, Eliot, and Auden.

This is one of my favorite Dryden poems and one that has been on my mind much of late in a year when spring has been reluctant to show its fair face. On a rainy May morning, this poem seems like just the thing.

Enjoy!

 

Song to a Fair Young Lady
Going out of Town in the Spring

Ask not the cause why sullen spring
         So long delays her flow’rs to bear;
Why warbling birds forget to sing,
         And winter storms invert the year?
Chloris is gone; and Fate provides
To make it spring where she resides.

 

Chloris is gone, the cruel fair;
         She cast not back a pitying eye:
But left her lover in despair,
         To sigh, to languish, and to die:
Ah, how can those fair eyes endure
To give the wounds they will not cure!

 

Great god of Love, why hast thou made
         A face that can all hearts command,
That all religions can invade,
         And change the laws of ev’ry land?
Where thou hadst plac’d such pow’r before,
Thou shouldst have made her mercy more.

 

When Chloris to the temple comes,
         Adoring crowds before her fall;
She can restore the dead from tombs,
         And ev’ry life but mine recall.
I only am by love design’d
To be the victim for mankind.

 

Listening with a pencil and my ear, these are the lines I marked:

She can restore the dead from tombs,
         And ev’ry life but mine recall.
I only am by love design’d
To be the victim for mankind.

 

How can you not love these lines? True beauty is a blessing and a curse. It is a terrible thing to behold. Poets from Homer onward have known that beauty has the power to ravish, change, and destroy. Beauty is why young men first begin to read poetry and why old men so fiercely refuse to give it up. It is why young women first pick up a pen to write and why old women never forget the songs of their youth.

 

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Poetry Review: Osip Mandelstam

4 May 2013


Osip_Mandelstam
Osip Mandelstam is an artistic martyr, a saint of the imagination. No poet sacrificed as much for his art. No poet paid more dearly for believing in the power of language and beauty and the freedom of imagination.

Exiled and incarcerated often in Soviet Russia for what he wrote, Mandelstam reminds us that words do matter. That one of the first casualties of the demonic is beauty and pleasure.

While Mandelstam is probably read and admired by westerners more than any other Russian poet, I still do not think he is read enough.

On a bleak, wet May morning Mandelstam seems like just the thing.

Enjoy!

 

54 (trans. by W.S. Merwin)

Poison in the bread, the air drunk dry.
Hard to doctor the wounds.
Joseph sold into Egypt
grieved no more bitterly for home.

Bedouins under the stars
close their eyes, sitting their horses,
and improvise songs
out of the troubles of the day.

No lack of subject:
one lost a quiver in the sand,
one bartered away a stallion…
the mist of events drift away.

And if the song is sung truly,
from the whole heart, everything
at last vanishes: nothing is left
but space, the stars, the singer.

 

Listening with a pencil and my ear, these are the lines I marked:

And if the song is sung truly,
from the whole heart, everything
at last vanishes: nothing is left
but space, the stars, the singer.

 

In these lines I hear echoes of Yeats’s Cuchulain Comforted, “They had changed their throats and had the throats of birds.”

Here we have, in the Mandelstam’s own words (rendered beautifully by Merwin), his artistic credo, his faith in the ultimate power of poetry and imagination. And the best explanation for why evil will always try to destroy art.

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Poetry Review: “Spring” by Gerard Manley Hopkins

19 April 2013
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41fv394BaXL._BO2,204,203,200_PIsitb-sticker-arrow-click,TopRight,35,-76_AA278_PIkin4,BottomRight,-52,22_AA300_SH20_OU01_Yet another April blizzard descended yesterday on the North Country. According to calendars and the returning birds, spring has arrived. But we know it only as a rumor. Shove-able snow is not the work of spring.

It has been awhile since I have done a poetry review at MontanaWriter. I continue daily to read and write and think about poetry and language. The long winter has had me returning to the comfort of poets and poems that I am most familiar with. Poets like Gerard Manley Hopkins.

Here is a poem about spring as spring is suppose to be by Hopkins.

Enjoy!

 

SPRING
Nothing is so beautiful as Spring –         
   When weeds, in wheels, shoot long and lovely and lush;         
   Thrush’s eggs look little low heavens, and thrush         
Through the echoing timber does so rinse and wring         
The ear, it strikes like lightnings to hear him sing;
   The glassy peartree leaves and blooms, they brush         
   The descending blue; that blue is all in a rush         
With richness; the racing lambs too have fair their fling.         

 

What is all this juice and all this joy?         
   A strain of the earth’s sweet being in the beginning
In Eden garden. – Have, get, before it cloy,         
   Before it cloud, Christ, lord, and sour with sinning,         
Innocent mind and Mayday in girl and boy,         
   Most, O maid’s child, thy choice and worthy the winning.         

 

Listening with a pencil and my ear, these are the lines I marked:

When weeds, in wheels, shoot long and lovely and lush;         
   Thrush’s eggs look little low heavens

 

A Hopkins’ line is like no other… alliterative, difficult, and ethereal. In fact, to quote these lines, a Hopkins’ line is, “long and lovely and lush.”

Poetry is the closest thing we have to magic language, the language we use to summon spirits and gods and God himself. Hopkins the priest knew this as well as any poet. His long, lovely, and lush lines are born in his superb understanding of this reality. It is why I so often find myself returning to his poetry.

 

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Poetry Review: “The Snow Man” by Wallace Stevens

14 February 2013
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Winter Walks

Winter has settled in here in the North Country. White landscapes and white days. February as it is meant to be.

Mornings now I have been taking our beagle, Lucy, for walks before going to work. In the pre-dawn darkness, our steps mar the untouched snow of un-shoveled sidewalks and side streets. Our tracks seem like lines of words typed across  fresh sheets of new white paper.

Wallace Stevens was a not a “professional” poet. He spent his days as an insurance company executive. His “conventional” life contrasts mightily with his quite un-conventional poetry. No accident I have come to believe. Creation is born in tension.

On another wintery day, his poem “The Snow Man” seems like just the thing.

Enjoy!

The Snow Man

One must have a mind of winter
To regard the frost and the boughs
Of the pine-trees crusted with snow;

 

And have been cold a long time
To behold the junipers shagged with ice,
The spruces rough in the distant glitter

 

Of the January sun; and not to think
Of any misery in the sound of the wind,
In the sound of a few leaves,

 

Which is the sound of the land
Full of the same wind
That is blowing in the same bare place

 

For the listener, who listens in the snow,
And, nothing himself, beholds
Nothing that is not there and the nothing that is.
 

Listening with a pencil and my ear, these are the lines I marked:

One must have a mind of winter
To regard the frost and the boughs
Of the pine-trees crusted with snow;

 

I think I first read this poem on a summer day on a beach in Florida. I remember stopping at these lines and looking up at the sugar white sands in front of me and the pretty girls walking by in bikinis and thinking, my mind is as far from winter as it could ever be.

I have returned to this poem over the years and these lines. I find myself repeating them to myself this time of year often… but also on some some days when I am reminded of how time passes and how getting older you begin to think of seasons and time  in different ways.

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Poetry Review: “The Question” by Percy Bysshe Shelley

16 December 2012
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Shelley_235

The winter storm we had last weekend  was followed this weekend by a day of rain. The 10-plus inches of snow on the ground that began the week are now mostly gone. Out my window, south-facing hillocks are largely bare. The big banks of plowed snow that line the streets, greatly diminished.

Winter this year in the North Country has been a series of grey days… overcast skies and light fog that hangs over the cold earth like a bleak blanket. Not the winter of our mind and memory, but a Dickensian one.

Grey days make us long for sun. For those of us who spend our working days in un-natural places without natural light longing can easily turn to desperate daydreaming… a condition I know all too well.

Along with Thoreau this winter, I have been re-reading Shelley again. The kindle app lets me carry him, and a hundred poems, wherever my phone and I go. He is a perfect companion for such grey days.

Today’s poem, “The Question,” has long been one of my favorite Shelley poems. It embodies for me the very essence of the Romantic. Indeed, if I were to teach a class on the Romantic poets, I think I might begin with “The Question.” Simply for the fact that it so perfectly brings together all the elements of Romantic poetry together in such a pleasurable way.

On another bleak December day, I can think of no better poem.

Enjoy!

 

The Question

   I dreamed that, as I wandered by the way,
         Bare Winter suddenly was changed to Spring,
And gentle odours led my steps astray,
         Mixed with a sound of waters murmuring
Along a shelving bank of turf, which lay
         Under a copse, and hardly dared to fling
Its green arms round the bosom of the stream,
But kissed it and then fled, as thou mightest in dream.

 

   There grew pied wind-flowers and violets,
         Daisies, those pearled Arcturi of the earth,
The constellated flower that never sets;
         Faint oxlips; tender bluebells, at whose birth
The sod scarce heaved; and that tall flower that wets—
         Like a child, half in tenderness and mirth—
Its mother’s face with Heaven’s collected tears,
When the low wind, its playmate’s voice, it hears.

 

   And in the warm hedge grew lush eglantine,
         Green cowbind and the moonlight-coloured may,
And cherry-blossoms, and white cups, whose wine
         Was the bright dew, yet drained not by the day;
And wild roses, and ivy serpentine,
         With its dark buds and leaves, wandering astray;
And flowers azure, black, and streaked with gold,
Fairer than any wakened eyes behold.

 

   And nearer to the river’s trembling edge
         There grew broad flag-flowers, purple pranked with white,
And starry river buds among the sedge,
         And floating water-lilies, broad and bright,
Which lit the oak that overhung the hedge
         With moonlight beams of their own watery light;
And bulrushes, and reeds of such deep green
As soothed the dazzled eye with sober sheen.

 

   Methought that of these visionary flowers
         I made a nosegay, bound in such a way
That the same hues, which in their natural bowers
         Were mingled or opposed, the like array
Kept these imprisoned children of the Hours
         Within my hand,—and then, elate and gay,
I hastened to the spot whence I had come,
That I might there present it!—Oh! to whom?

 

Listening with a pencil and my ear, these are the lines I marked:

 

   And nearer to the river’s trembling edge
         There grew broad flag-flowers, purple pranked with white,
And starry river buds among the sedge,
         And floating water-lilies, broad and bright,
Which lit the oak that overhung the hedge
         With moonlight beams of their own watery light;

 

I enjoy the luminosity of these lines: the way Shelley balances rhyme with “purple  pranked” alliteration. I cannot read these lines aloud without smiling.

Poetry is meant to provide pleasure, especially on “Bare Winter” days. And a Shelley poem never lets us down.

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Poetry Review: “Ancient Music” by Ezra Pound

13 December 2012
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After my last post, Emerson’s “The Snow-Storm,” my friend Mark Moffett, ever the contrarian, sent me this note and poem.

Enjoy! I did.

 

Well I’m not so much a poetry reader and with all respect to Emerson, here’s the poem that comes to my mind during heavier snow storms – ague hath my ham indeed:


Ancient Music

 

Winter is icummen in,
Lhude sing Goddamm.
Raineth drop and staineth slop,
And how the wind doth ramm!
Sing: Goddamm.

Skiddeth bus and sloppeth us,
An ague hath my ham.
Freezeth river, turneth liver,
Damn you, sing: Goddamm.

Goddamm, Goddamm, ’tis why I am, Goddamm,
So ‘gainst the winter’s balm.

Sing goddamm, damm, sing Goddamm.
Sing goddamm, sing goddamm, DAMM.

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Poetry Review: “The Snow-Storm” by Ralph Waldo Emerson

9 December 2012

The first almost shove-able snow of year finally arrived here last night, covering everything in a light, blameless white. It is winter at last in the North Country.

A number of years ago, more years ago than I care to admit, I spent some time reading Emerson’s poetry. My plan at that time was to work systematically through the American poets: Emerson to Whitman to Dickinson to Longfellow and so on. I had already done a similar thing with Irish Poets and thought it was long past time to do the same thing with the American tradition.

I eventually read all the poets on my list… but not in a systematic way. I do little in a “systematic way.” Art and inspiration do not work that way… at least for me.

This is one of the poems I carried away from my time with Emerson. It is one that comes back to me during heavier snow-storms. On a winter-white morning, it seems like just the thing.

Enjoy!

 

The Snow-Storm

Announced by all the trumpets of the sky,
Arrives the snow, and, driving o’er the fields,
Seems nowhere to alight: the whited air
Hides hills and woods, the river, and the heaven,
And veils the farm-house at the garden’s end.
The sled and traveller stopped, the courier’s feet
Delayed, all friends shut out, the housemates sit
Around the radiant fireplace, enclosed
In a tumultuous privacy of storm.

 

Come see the north wind’s masonry.
Out of an unseen quarry evermore
Furnished with tile, the fierce artificer
Curves his white bastions with projected roof
Round every windward stake, or tree, or door.
Speeding, the myriad-handed, his wild work
So fanciful, so savage, nought cares he
For number or proportion. Mockingly,
On coop or kennel he hangs Parian wreaths;
A swan-like form invests the hidden thorn;
Fills up the farmer’s lane from wall to wall,
Maugre the farmer’s sighs; and, at the gate,
A tapering turret overtops the work.
And when his hours are numbered, and the world
Is all his own, retiring, as he were not,
Leaves, when the sun appears, astonished Art
To mimic in slow structures, stone by stone,
Built in an age, the mad wind’s night-work,
The frolic architecture of the snow.

 

Listening with a pencil and my ear, these are the lines I marked:

… the whited air
Hides hills and woods, the river, and the heaven,
And veils the farm-house at the garden’s end.


…. the housemates sit
Around the radiant fireplace, enclosed
In a tumultuous privacy of storm.

 

There is to this poem a calm coziness that I love. Though the second stanza of the poem plays with words like “savage” and “fierce,” the tone of the poem is set in these lines. The wild winter storm is something that happens outside of our selves, out side of our nice cozy place by the fire. It is a really a wonderful little poem.

 

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